January 28, 2003 -- everything else is frozen, but these drains are flowing. Liquid maure is being applied in many locations during this cold spell. Ground and streams are frozen after 3 weeks of hard freeze. Michigan GAAMPs advise against manure application on frozen ground. What's going down the drain?

Vreba-Hoff I drain (left), Ingall Hwy, near winter application of liquid manure; Vreba-Hoff II drain (right), US-127, milky flow from the pipe.